How Touchscreen Works ??

How Touchscreen Works ??

A touchscreen is an electronic visual display that the user can control through simple or multi-touch gestures by touching the screen with one or more fingers. Some touchscreens can also detect objects such as a stylus or ordinary or specially coated gloves. Touchscreens are common in devices such as tablet computers, game consoles, all-in-one computers, and smartphones. They also play a prominent role in the design of digital appliances such as satellite navigation devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs),  mobile phones, and video games.

There are three basic systems of Touch Screen:
1. Resistive System
2. Capacitive System
3. Surface Wave acoustic

The RESISTIVE SYSTEM consists of a normal glass panel that is covered with a conductive and a resistive metallic layer. These two layers are held apart by spacers, and a scratch-resistant layer is placed on top of the whole setup. An electrical current runs through the two layers while the monitor is operational. When a user touches the screen, the two layers make contact in that exact spot. The change in the electrical field is noted and the coordinates of the point of contact are calculated by the computer. Once the coordinates are known, a special driver translates the touch into something that the operating system can understand.

In the CAPACITIVE SYSTEM, a layer that stores electrical charge is placed on the glass panel of the monitor. When a user touches the monitor with his or her finger, some of the charge is transferred to the user, so the charge on the capacitive layer decreases. This decrease is measured in circuits located at each corner of the monitor. The computer calculates, from the relative differences in charge at each corner, exactly where the touch event took place and then relays that information to the touch-screen driver software. One advantage that the capacitive system has over the resistive system is that it transmits almost 90 percent of the light from the monitor, whereas the resistive system only transmits about 75 percent. This gives the capacitive system a much clearer picture than the resistive system.

The SURFACE WAVE ACOUSTIC SYSTEM works with help of wave energy. This enables a touch to transform into another form of energy and deliver the command which in response perform the desired action. A Pair of transducers is placed on glass plate sides. In the Glass Plates there are reflectors. On touching the screen wave produced and which transforms into energy for fulfilling the command. It tells where on the screen touch is detected.